How does formative assessment differ from summative assessment?

Formative assessment is characterized by its ongoing nature, allowing educators to monitor student learning and progress throughout the instructional process. This type of assessment is designed to provide feedback that can be used to improve teaching and learning while it is happening. Examples of formative assessments include quizzes, class discussions, peer reviews, and other activities that help identify areas where students may struggle.

In contrast, summative assessment takes place at the end of an instructional unit or period, serving to evaluate and measure student learning against a standard. Summative assessments often include final exams, end-of-term projects, or standardized tests, which summarize what students have learned after a particular time frame has concluded.

The ongoing aspect of formative assessments allows for adjustments to be made in real-time, which is integral for effectively supporting student learning. This distinction is vital for educators aiming to enhance educational outcomes by employing both types of assessment strategically.